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Ireland Edward I Penny, type 1b, Waterford Mint
Ireland, Edward I (1272-1307), silver Penny, early issues (1279-84), Waterford Mint, type 1b, crowned head within triangle, two pellets below collar, pellet before legend surrounding, .EDW.R. ANGL'. D NS HYB, rev. cross pattée, tri-pellets in each angle, beaded circles and legend surrounding, CIVI TAS VATE RFOR, weight 1.34g (DF 64; S.6249). Weak in parts with some ghosting, a bold very fine.
The Latin legends translate as "Edward King of England, Lord of Ireland" on the obverse and "City of Waterford" on the reverse.
Edward son of Henry III and Eleanor of Proveance was born in June 1239 at the Palace of Westminster and was known as The Lord Edward whilst his Father was King. As a young adult he became involved in the political struggles of the Baronial rebellions and briefly sided with their reform in 1259 and supported the Provisions of Oxford. Edward later reconciled with his Father remaining loyal through the Second Barons War and was held hostage after the Battle of Lewes but later escaped. He went on to defeat Simon de Montfort at the Battel of Evesham in 1265 and within two years the rebellious barons were finished and peace once again reigned. Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land and it was on his way back in 1272 that he received news that Henry III had died on 20th November 1272. Edward Longshanks as he now became known due to his tall stature believed to be 6 foot 2 inches, took a leisurely return to England and was coronated on the 19th August 1274 at Westminster Abbey. It was not long till he had to suppress a rebellion in Wales in 1276-77 and again in 1282-83 which culminated in a full conquest with a series of castles built and English rule firmly in place. Edward continued to reform administration and common law with feudal liberties and then set his sights on Scotland claiming feudal suzerainty leading to war which continued after Edward's death though he was almost victorious on several occasions and became known as The Hammer of the Scots. Edward also became involved in war with France as a Scotch ally against Philip IV who confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, though Edward did recover it. The cost of these actions was heavy taxation for all and when he died in 1307 his son Edward II inherited conflict and strife.
Edward I was married twice, first in 1254 to Eleanor of Castile who bore him fourteen children and possibly two more as a number did not live to adulthood and only the one son Edward outlived his Father to become the next King. Eleanor died aged around 48 on 28th November 1290 and is buried in Westminster Abbey. Edward went on to marry Margaret of France in 1299 who bore him two sons and a daughter and was some 40 years his junior. Edward died whilst campaigning in the north on the morning of 7th July 1307 at Burgh by Sands in Cumberland suffering from dysentery, and he was buried at Westminster Abbey on 27th October of that year.
The Vikings first settled near to Waterford in 853 but were eventually driven out by the native Irish by 902. However, the Vikings returned in in 914 and re-established the settlement which became Ireland's first city with Ivar of Waterford being one of the most prominent of the Norse leaders from 969 to c.1000. Later in 1167 the deposed King of Leinster Diarmait Mac Murchada attempted to take over the city unsuccessfully, returning to take Waterford in 1170 with the help of Cambro-Norman mercenaries under "Strongbow" Richard de Clare the second Earl of Pembroke. In 1171 King Henry II landed at Waterford and declared the city Royal as well as Dublin which then became the Capital of Ireland.
Provenance:
Ex Dix Noonan Webb, Auction 172, 11th March 2020, lot 254 part.
Ex Collection of an English Doctor part III, Sovereign Rarities fixed price list online September 2022.